the basics of designing towers

 The tower is universally defined as the building whose height exceeds thirty meters, i.e. ten floors or more, and the tower is known locally as the building whose height exceeds sixteen meters, i.e. five floors or more.

 Types of housing:

 1- The residential villa

 2- A multi-storey building

 3- Residential towers

 4- Hotels

 5- Homes for the elderly

 6- Student residence

 7- Prisons

 8- A place for doctors, workers and farmers

 9- Orphanages

 10- Corrections

 11- Palaces and Palaces

 12- Tourist residences (summer residences and prairie residences)

 13- Soldiers housing

 14- Floating dwellings in moored and mobile vessels

 15- Shelters

 Residential towers:

 The tower is universally defined as the building whose height exceeds thirty meters, i.e. ten floors or more. And the tower is known locally as the building whose height exceeds sixteen meters or five floors or more.

 Architectural elements of the residential tower:

 General principles:

 Room locations: As far as possible, you should take the living room and sleep to the east, and the rooms - except in special cases - should be sunny in the basic hours.

 Entrances: The entrance determines the appearance of the dwelling, as it gives the first impression, so everything in it must be considered.

 The most important places, especially those that we pass a lot, such as the stairs leading to the floors, should be directly linked to the entrance hall, however it is preferable that the kitchen be separated either by a service room or a hall to prevent odors from the apartment.

 Parking:

 1- Isolated from the building

 2- Parking spaces located below or inside the tower / This type of parking is suitable for multi-storey housing.

 The lighting should be as far as possible in front and next to the hood where there is an outlet.

 A large number of holes must be found in the door to drain the polluted air.

 The floor of the parking must be 15 to 20 cm above the ground.

 A good view of the entrance and exit must be ensured.

 * "Basement" floors below ground:

 It contains heating places, wood warehouses and parking lots, and it is not usually used for continuous stay, in general, and it also contains warehouses for supplies, trash and laundry.

 * Service locations

 * Stores

 * Kitchens

 Living halls: the hall that embraces family members for most of the day, and this room should take as far as possible the northeast direction, and its bedding is subject to the requirements of each family and the hobbies of its members.

 Choosing the meeting places in the different rooms:

 Attention must be given to choosing the correct places for seats and making good use of the spaces to create seating in the most appropriate places and conditions and the way to coordinate the seats constitutes the main attraction and everything that should be subordinate to this arrangement and we should not lose sight of the main direction of lighting (daylight or industrial light).

 * Balconies:

 As the balcony with angles that obscure the curiosity of the curious, as well as it is a source of wind and when designing the terraces take into account the following:

 Orientation to the north, landscapes and correct locations with respect to adjacent dwellings and sufficient space for them and protection against visions and climatic fluctuations such as wind and rain and direct exposure to pedestrians and dry balusters from opaque glass or from plastic materials and on wooden or iron rolls or from well-installed pipes in construction and bars are formed vertically to avoid climbing children  .

 * bedrooms :

 Talking about the house’s rooms acquires a special importance when it focuses on the main bedroom. This room, which offers greater than intended purpose, combines comfort and familiarity with the house in addition to wearing and maintaining clothes.

 Dining rooms:

 It is necessary for the dining rooms to be in direct contact with the kitchen or office and it is not necessary for them to have a relationship with the rest of the dwelling.

 The dining room was previously a relatively large room, but today it has been shortened to a minimum. The living room may be in the kitchen itself. Thanks to the spacious doors, it can be a part of the living room in the kitchen itself. Thanks to the spacious doors, it can become part of the living room during meetings and holidays.  In this case, it is preferable to place the doors near the corners.

 Although the main purpose of the dining room is to eat meals, its use for this purpose is subject to specific times of the day, and the family takes some meals in the living room and from here the concept of the dining room must change so that its space is not wasted.

 * Bathrooms and bathrooms:

 Pigeons are the nerve center of the home, in which the human being fulfills the most important daily and organic needs, so it must be taken care of in order for everyone who uses it to have a good appearance.

 Sanitary devices are usually placed in their own rooms, whether in residential buildings or public buildings, as to ventilate the rooms and their lighting and choose the materials from which their floors and walls are made of great importance may be equivalent to choosing the devices themselves and their disposal methods, therefore the following should be taken into account in the design of these rooms:

 Each room contains sanitary devices, especially the toilets and urinals. They must be naturally lit by one or more windows in an external wall. The area of ​​these windows should not be less than half a square meter.

 It is not permissible to rely on windows or doors alone in the ventilation, but in every toilet there must be a ventilation pipe of non-combustible material that places a penetrated anchor on the ceiling or the outer wall near the ceiling.

 Choosing places for baths in homes:

 The geographic situation appropriate for the bathrooms is southeast, as it should be close to the kitchens and toilets, for the ease of connecting the bathrooms to the water and gas pipelines, as well as for the ease of collecting drainage pipes, as well as the ease of sound insulation from the collected pipes, as well as choosing the location of the bathroom near the bedrooms for ease of use.

 Escaping Ladders:

 It must be outdoors and outside the building so that there is no vertical space in which to collect fire and be outside the building so that rescuers can save people on the ladder.

 Building conditions for the towers:

 Architectural Conditions:

 With the exception of the amount of the internal height of the shops of different types, it is not permissible to have a pure internal height as measured between the final surface of the floor and the thickness of the roof in all building floors of 2.70 meters.

 And it is permissible for the aforementioned height to be less than 2.30 meters?  For entrances, pigeons, interiors, and similar parts of upper ceilings.

 Should every building facility or facility have one or several openings?  For ventilation, it overlooks a road or a patio.  It is not permissible in any way for the aperture area to be less than the following:

 1- (8% eight percent) of the floor area of ​​the rooms designated for residential or offices, provided that the floor area of ​​the opening is not less than one meter.

 2- 10% of the floor area of ​​the kitchen, bathroom, toilet, and stairwell on the floor and other building facilities not intended for housing or offices, provided that the area of ​​the opening is not less than half a square meter.

 In the case of multiple openings, the required opening area is calculated on the basis of the total openings area, and provided that the area of ​​the single hole is not less than half a square meter in the housing rooms, offices, and stairs wells, and about a quarter of a square meter for kitchens, bathrooms, or toilets, and it is permissible with the approval of the competent organization committee  Lighting and ventilation of offices, construction facilities, the rate of housing in an industrial manner, except for the kitchens of residential units.

 The provisions of this article do not apply to halls, entrance roads, elevator wells, operating rooms of machine tools, pumps, tanks, boilers, transformers, distribution boards, and the like.

 The yards designated for ventilation and lighting of building rooms and facilities when erecting or erecting buildings or making adjustments to existing buildings must comply with the following requirements:

 First: The yards for ventilation and lighting of residential rooms or offices:

 External courtyard: The distance between the vertical level passing through the wall of the courtyard of any opening and the vertical level in the facing wall may not be less than three meters.

 The inner courtyard: its area may not be less than one-tenth of the height of the highest facade of the building overlooking it, and with a minimum of twelve square meters. It is also not permissible for the smallest dimensions to be less than three meters.

 Second: The yards for ventilation and lighting of non-residential building facilities and offices, such as kitchens, bathrooms, toilets, and stairwells.

 The outside patio:

 The distance between the vertical level passing through the building wall of any opening and the vertical level through the facing wall should not be less than two meters.

 The inner courtyard:

 The dimension mentioned in the previous paragraph may not be less than two meters, and the area of ​​the yard shall not be less than:

 8 square meters if the height?  The highest building facades overlooking the courtyard are no more than 20 meters.

 10 square meters if?  The height of the highest building facades overlooking the courtyard is more than 20 meters.

 In courtyards, as well as building facades overlooking public or private roads, it is permissible to make bounces with the intention of lighting and ventilating rooms intended for housing, offices, or any other building facility that does not facilitate the opening of a window overlooking the road or construction directly. In this case, the depth of the bounce does not exceed twice the minimum  Its width and the window is on the side facing the road or the direct yard.  Balconies can be made by recoil, within the limits of only half of its lowest width.

 It is not permissible to cover any yard from the yards in any way, and it is permissible to make a cornice not exceeding 30 cm in the outdoor yards only.

 Also, it is not permissible to erect fixed ladders, elevators, or any facilities that would reduce the amount of light or ventilation in the yards or reduce their dimensions or area from the borders.

 Stairs must meet the following conditions:

 1- The structure and steps of the main or secondary stairs should be of non-combustible material.

 2- The length of the stairs of the main stairs should not be less than 1.10 meters if the ladder serves four housing units in the floor at most, and a length of 1.30 meters if the residential units increase the role in that.

 The staircase sleeper shall be at least 270 mm in width from the facade of the slope to the slope of the slate, and the slope shall not exceed 170 mm

 1- The apparent length of the secondary staircase should not be less than 0.8 meters.

 2- The number of successive grades should not be more than 14 lists, followed by a width of at least three sleepers.

 3- The stairs must meet the stipulated conditions and the sleeper is measured at a distance of 45 meters from the end of the stair at the inner curve.

 4- The height of the stairs handrail should not be less than 0.9 meters, measured vertically from the center of the sleeper.

 Structural conditions:

 The applicant for licensing must attach with his request the following documents:

 -1 A report on the mechanical condition of the site's soil, based on a field and laboratory study, including the following data:

 The stratification of the site soil, indicating the groundwater level.

 -2.  Soil durability and soil probability study.

 -3.  The type of foundations and the depth of foundation appropriate according to the nature of the soil and by origin.

 2- Study and structural designs of the building to include:

 The structural system used to resist both vertical and horizontal loads.

 Detail of dead and live weights that were taken into account in the design as well as horizontal loads.

 Safety factors used in calculating loads and load conditions, as well as with respect to the durability of different construction sectors.

 Structural loading method, as well as a detailed example showing the method of analyzing the main elements of the structure.

 Design method and code used.

 Detailed maps of all major and minor structural elements, with sections and detailed maps showing possible structural treatments.

 Regulatory conditions:

 The building must not be more than seventy-five percent of the height of the distance between the public or private road boundaries on which it falls, with the exception of the following:

 Staircase and elevator machines rooms, air conditioners and water tanks.

 The height is within an imaginary plane whose angle of inclination is two horizontal to three vertical with the vertical level passing through the building facade overlooking the outer streets.

 Domes, minarets, and constellations in places of worship and public buildings.

 The minimum side bounce of the superstructure body must not be less than the coupon boundary of 10% of the total construction height of each side.  Also, the minimum back bounce of the superstructure body must not be less than the coupon boundary of 15% of the total build height.  As for the front bounce, they are subject to the general rules. As for the role or floors built below the level of the street or streets on which the building is to be built, the general rules applicable in the bouncing are applied.

 Without prejudice to the conditions stipulated in the system, it is not permissible to add upper floors to existing buildings unless the structural structure of the existing building and its foundations allow the loads of works intended to be built.

 The building may not be used or exploited for purposes other than the purpose for which it was established, except with the prior approval of the competent organizing committee.

 The competent organization committee may not grant the required license if it is?  The building intended to be located is in the areas or streets that the committee sees by a reasoned decision of the municipality authority to stop the license therein, provided that the detention period does not exceed one year and can be renewed for another year.

 If the applicant violates any of the license conditions stipulated?  In this system, the competent organizing committee has the right to confiscate the insurance provided by the applicant for building permits without prejudice to any other penalty stipulated in a law or other system.

 Conditions for services:

 Water feeding works

 The construction applicant must adhere to the work of the tanks and pumps necessary to provide water for all building roles and to use water pipes of sufficient diameters to allow adequate adequate passage for consumption.

 The applicant is obligated to connect the building to the public water network in accordance with the water system in force with the local authority.

 Water sources used for drinking and domestic use must not be exposed in any way to the hazards of pollution.

 The building shall be provided with a ground and upper water supply with sufficient quantity for normal use.

 The building shall be provided with an independent system for extinguishing the burn and an adequate water reserve for this purpose.

 The height of the floor of the upper tank must not be less than three meters from the surface of the highest housing units, and the property must have a non-leaching property and its roof must be tight and it does not allow entry of dust and insects.

 The ground tank shall be self-filling.

 The upper tank must be equipped with an excess tube more than the diameter of the filling tube.

 The water tank shall be equipped with a ladder to reach its surface. In the event of an internal ladder of the tank, it shall be of galvanized iron or of other suitable non-rusting material.

 The minimum areas allocated for the following facilities shall not be less as indicated in the vicinity of each of them:

 The bathroom is 1.2 square meters

 Bathroom 1.4 square meters

 The kitchen is 5 sq m

 The building must be provided with an appropriate number of elevators to transport people and movables so that the building whose number exceeds four floors is not licensed unless it has one elevator up to the ninth floor. If it is more than that, it must have two elevators with a capacity of at least seven people.

 Wind pressure on tall buildings:

 The term high building means those structures of buildings, in which horizontal loads such as wind pressure or earthquakes constitute an important factor in the structural calculation, which in turn clearly affects and causes additional stresses and forces in its structural elements.

 These stresses and forces are estimated according to many statistics, possibilities, measurements and observations.

 * Among the factors affecting the intensity of the forces:

 The nature of the building, its height and the proportions of its other dimensions.

 The climatic nature on which the origin will be built.

 Wind speed, air density and direction of wind movement.

 The type of element considered, its nature, and its location in the construction.

 Therefore, studies and calculations must be made that ensure the safety of facilities that are subject to collapse from the impact of these forces.

 Design precautions for fire in buildings:

 Among the elements that are required to be taken into account when designing any building are: how to protect this building from fire and how to put out the fire if it broke out as quickly as possible and with the least amount of losses and the following are the design and implementation points to be observed: -

 1- The shape of the horizontal projection and methods of setting fire extinguishers and alarms.

 2 - The types of brushes used must not be conductive to fire, therefore it is recommended not to use carpet which burns and the use of wood in small quantities and treat it with materials to protect it against fire and also paint the walls from non-flammable walls.

 3- Fire alarm devices that are connected to each other and with a network and appear on a screen in the fire control room in the building and on this screen there is the entire building’s hometown and thus the location of the fire can be easily and quickly known to be able to control it in the shortest possible time and the control room has direct contact with the public fire and the nearest point  Extinguishing of buildings.

 4- Escalators, elevators and escape stairs, and how to treat them against fire.

 5- Escalator ladders should be outdoors and outside the building so that there is no vertical space in which to collect fire and be outside the building so that rescuers can save people on the ladder and the distance between any point in the building and the closest escape ladder should not be more than 30 m and this  The time a person can travel running before being affected by mounting fumes and fire.

 6- Indoor places such as warehouses, laundries, and underground halls where the alarm system is in the optical cell, and the cells are distributed in the internal space of the store, so that the entire area is covered.